Math & Statistics

The linear algebra, calculus, probability and statistics behind machine learning, explained visually.

All levels Beginner Advanced Expert

Beginner

Start here. No background needed beyond school maths.

A free, widely used introductory statistics textbook with exercises, labs and video support.

OpenIntro

Once the basics are comfortable.

A free textbook that connects the maths of linear algebra, probability and optimisation directly to ML methods.

Deisenroth, Faisal and Ong (Cambridge University Press)

Exploratory data analysis and statistics taught through Python code instead of formulas.

Allen B. Downey, Green Tea Press